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| Frederick
Hart is recognized worldwide
as the most prominent figurative sculptor of the last century. His
monuments, commissions, innovations and collected sculpture have changed
the way the world has seen twentieth century art. What is more, he
changed the way we THINK about beauty itself. "Art must touch
our lives, our fears and cares; evoke our dreams and give hope to
the darkness." He took the notion possibly best stated by playwright
Tom Stoppard who said "Innovation without skill, gives you 'MODERN
ART'", and rejected this nihilism when developing the techniques
that would earn him the title the "Rodin of our Century".
But, you probably do not know his name.
Beginning his life in Atlanta, and his career in Washington D.C.,
Hart was the epitome of the starving artist. He saw that he was
spiritually descended by famed figurative masters such as August
St. Gaudens and Daniel Chester French, but he failed to realize
the fame these artists enjoyed. He toted around Dupont Circle, sculpting
girlfriends, kids and buddies but not truly finding his calling.
He became despondent with the lack of skill on the "modern"
art scene, and more the notion that we had forgotten what it meant
for something to be beautiful, timeless and everlasting.
He then discovered the Washington National Cathedral, the seventh
largest cathedral in the world, and the only place in the world
he could truly surround himself with the Italian master stone carvers
that would make him the master. He toted tools, fetched coffee and
finally ingratiated himself into the cadre of stone carvers, whose
impermeable ranks were so hard to breach. The head master himself,
Roger Morigi, a temperamental Italian, with a penchant for the "tough-love"
way of teaching, took him as an apprentice.
In 1971, Hart found out about the competition for the commission
of the sculpture to adorn the west facade of the cathedral with
a sculpture based on creation. Hart, inspired by the writings of
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a French Jesuit theologian and philosopher,
said that mankind is in a constant state of becoming conscious of
itself. With this thought in mind he spent 2 and one-half years
creating what became the most prominent religious sculpture of our
day. "Ex Nihilo" (Out of Nothing), an eight figure, larger
than life, swirling mass, which notoriously gained recent recognition
as the subject of the lawsuit against the makers of the movie "The
Devil's Advocate", which Hart won. The sculpture was thirteen
years in stone carving, and finally dedicated in 1982. Hart created
the six major sculptures on the West facade, giving him a similar
historical place among masters such as Bernini, Michelangelo and
Rodin.
Hart said, upon it's completion "my life's work is complete,
my destiny fulfilled"
Once complete Hart looked through the art journals and literary
magazines for some mention of this masterwork, none came. Hart hoped
he would find an article panning it, just to let him know that someone
was watching figurative work. No one was.
At the same time, artist Christo created "Surrounded Islands"
in Biscayne Bay, Miami (surrounding islands with pink fabric) which
the public loathed, and the art community embraced. Hart's sculpture
was ignored because it was it the tradition of the old school, and
therefore offered no new ideas.
During this cycle, Hart heard about a commission to be awarded for
the dedication of a new "Vietnam Veterans Memorial" to
be placed on the Mall in front of the Washington Monument. The requisite
element was that all 58,000 dead must be named. Hart entered a sculpture
containing both a wall with the listed dead, as well as a medic
running toward a wounded soldier. The board voting on the monument
(which contained no veterans) awarded the commission was awarded
to a 21-year-old Yale University architecture student, Maya Ying
Lin. Lin's design was a minimalist black granite wall, shiny, deeply
cut into the Earth. This set off a series of debates that occupied
the United States with bitter debate. The problem that veterans
(and Hart) had with it, was that it lacked a human face. How would
such a wall translate to a society one hundred years from now? Once
we are dead and gone, would it still have any impact, like the sculptures
of civil war heroes? Vets called it the "great black gash of
shame and sorrow". Hart simply called it "a telephone
book listing of dead people". Funding for the project was withheld
till a suitable solution could be reached. The idea was proposed
that a figurative element be placed near the monument, at its apex.
Hart was given the commission, and altered the plan. Instead of
placing his "Three Servicemen" at the apex, place them
approximately 400 feet from the wall; looking, as one Vet said "for
their own names". This satiated both sides and quelled the
debate.
Hart mentioned that the monument is one of the hardest places for
him to visit, because after absorbing all of the interviews with
GI's, and the controversy surrounding the monument itself, he had
to synthesize it into what it became, in his words "the most
effective ensemble monument in the United States." At the "Three
Servicemen" unveiling, architect Maya Ying Lin approached him
and asked if it hurt the models to pull the molds off of them. It
was foreign to her to think that a sculptor could actually SCULPT
figures so perfect in detail and form. This monument has become
the most visited in Washington D.C. and the "Three Servicemen"
are some of the most recognized faces in modern sculpture. Yet,
when Hart checked those same sculpture journals and literary magazines,
no mention was made of these overly sentimental, hero figures. Only
the genius of the minimalist wall. Hart was despondent, but not
done.
In the early 70's, after sculpting in stone (the stone age) and
bronze (the bronze age), Hart turned his attention to Light. He
believed we were entering an age of enlightenment, "The age
of Light". So he began developing the uses of clear acrylic
resin, to "Sculpt in light". Harking back to the teachings
of Chardin, and his vision of creation, Hart created a new legacy
with his development of acrylic as a figurative media. The Children
of Ex Nihilo were born. After releasing his first sculpture in the
"Age of Light" collection, in 1984, Hart's vision became
clearer and he began to realize the artistic and commercial success
of his work. Subsequent works, such as "Memoir", and "Dance
of Life" experimented with imbedding one acrylic sculpture
within another, which Hart patented. The mystery of this technique
still confounds viewers and technicians to this day. Through commercial
success and public monuments, works for Pope John Paul II such as
"Cross of the Millennium", Hart still surprisingly enjoyed
little critical acclaim.
On August 13, 1999 at the age of 55, Hart died of lung cancer that
was diagnosed only two days before. His career, now having a finite
beginning and a finite end is looked upon in retrospect, not as
single works, but as a body of work; a total idea. What we are finding
is that Hart changed our "zeitgeist", (spirit of the age)
from one that vilified beauty, into one that embraced the things
that are beautiful in life. As a member of the "Centerists",
a group of poets, theologians, musicians, artists and those dedicated
to making us rethink the beautiful, Hart brought us back to the
lost items of our existence.
"The ability to have faith; to sustain hope; to feel the transforming
power of beauty; and the revel in the innocence of the world around
us".
An article included in the "New York Times" magazine at
the beginning of 2000 went miles in explaining who this artist was,
what he offered to us and what he left us. Of all the articles written
about Hart posthumously, none had more of an effect on people than
this one. Translated into over thirty languages and reprinted worldwide,
the article brought Hart the recognition that he always relished.
The author of the article was Tom Wolfe, author of "A Man in
Full" and friend of Mr. Hart. He explained to people what it
was to be an ignored master, and what it meant to be a humble servant
of the cause, one of beauty and timelessness.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"I believe that art has a moral responsibility,
that it must pursue something higher than common man. It must be
an enriching, ennobling and vital partner in the public pursuit
of civilization. It should be a majestic presence in everyday life
just as it was in the past."
These are the words of Frederick Hart who
has been described as one of America's greatest representational
artist. He has gone completely against the grain of the contemporary
art world; substance and beauty are the chief criteria of his work.
"My work isn't art for art's sake, it's about life. I have
no patience with obscure or unintelligible art - I want to be understood."
Born in Atlanta, the traditions of Southern
country life have remained with Frederick Hart long after his youthful
years spent in South Carolina. Continuing that tradition, in 1987
he built a country home on 135 acres of open farmland and rolling
hills in the Piedmont region of northern Virginia. The estate, named
Chesley in remembrance of his late sister, epitomizes Hart's deeply
held beliefs about beauty, truth, tradition, and permanence. He
frequently hosted gatherings of the "Centerists," a group
of artists, poets, philosophers, and others who shared his vision
and sought to exchange ideas.
His life at Chesley was a far cry from the
young, aspiring artist who applied for a job at the Washington National
Cathedral in 1967 to learn the skill of stone carving. Hart recalls,
"The Cathedral became a magical place for me, a place outside
of this century. The wonderful Italian stone carvers who worked
there were the last of a generation, a link back to the major American
architectural works of the early 1900's, to buildings like the Supreme
Court, The Federal Triangle, and Grand Central Station, as well
as to the great American sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Daniel
Chester French."
By 1971 Hart was ready to leave the Cathedral.
For the next three years he worked in his own unheated studio, "almost
starving to death" as he sketched his ideas for the Cathedral's
international competition to commission the design for a series
of "Creation" sculptures for its main facade. Hart remembers,
"It was to be a contemporary idea of Creation, a vision of
an unfolding universe." Inspired by Pierre Tellhard de Chardin's
writings on science and theology, Hart envisioned a great allegorical
work which would evoke the heroic struggle for awakening and consciousness.
The selection committee for the Cathedral was impressed with the
power and vision of his scale model studies and in 1974 awarded
him the project. He was thirty-one.
The statue of Three Soldiers which he created
for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in the nation's capitol has in
Hart's words, "a wholly unnerving, enigmatic, existential quality
which I think is very appropriate for the Vietnam War." The
fighting men portray the veterans' bond of love and sacrifice and
mutual devotion as they stare at the wall, almost as if they are
searching for their own names. The artist expresses the concept
behind his design: "I see the wall as a kind of ocean, a sea
of sacrifice that is overwhelming and nearly incomprehensible in
its sweep of names...I place these figures upon the shore of that
sea, gazing upon it, standing vigil before it, reflecting the human
face of it, the human heart." Cast in bronze, this historic
sculpture - now one of America's most famous sculptures - was dedicated
in November, 1984, at a major ceremony attended by President Ronald
Reagan and more than 100,000 veterans.
In 1993 Frederick Hart received an honorary
degree of Doctor of Fine Arts from the University of South Carolina
for his "ability to create art that uplifts the human spirit,
his commitment to the ideal that art must renew its moral authority
by rededicating itself to life, his skill in creating works that
compel attention as they embrace the concerns of mankind, and his
contributions to the rich cultural heritage of our nation."
On January 24, 1996 a white Italian marble
state of Richard B. Russell, Jr. was unveiled in the rotunda of
the Russell Senate Office Building. The new statue created by Hart
over a two year period honors the distinguished senator from Georgia
who served from 1933 until his death in 1971. This contribution
to our nation's capital stands as the focal piece in the rotunda
entrance of the building, which was named in honor of Senator Russell
in 1972.
Hart's more intimate clear acrylic sculptures
(he pioneered the use of acrylics in figurative sculpture, a technique
which he calls "sculpting with light") are inventive and
revolutionary; physical and sensuous, yet spiritual; direct, yet
graceful and subtle. His figures are classic while his medium of
clear acrylic is most modern and technologically advanced.
The world lost a master sculptor when Frederick
Hart passed away on August 13, 1999 after discovering he had lung
cancer.
Frederick Hart's studio continues to be filled
with sunlight, completed plasters of his monumental sculptures and
an array of works in that were in progress. Though an integral part
of Chesley, this creative space is a separate building in a secluded
hollow near his home, an enclave of serenity apart from the urban
clatter of Washington. The body of work he has created over more
than twenty years heralds a new age for contemporary art, "one
in which figurative beauty, embodiment of values, and spiritual
enlightenment are the ways in which we measure significance."
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